Related Disorders

Key Concepts

  • DCD is commonly seen with other developmental conditions including ADHD, LD, speech/language disorders, and behavioural disorders
  • DCD may contribute to secondary emotional, social and mental health problems
  • Identification of all developmental concerns is critical for effective management

Do some children with DCD have other developmental disorders?

When DCD is present, there is an increased likelihood of other co-occurring conditions, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disabilities (LD), specific language impairment (SLI), and behavioural disorders. The two most widely recognized conditions that commonly co-occur with DCD are ADHD and LD. There also seems to be a strong correlation between DCD and SLI. The significant overlap between DCD and these developmental disorders has prompted some researchers to conclude that "pure" DCD may be the exception and not the rule. While there is a demonstrated link between DCD and other developmental conditions, the explanations for their co-occurrence are not yet definitive.

The presence of any co-occurring condition warrants referral to appropriate health care professionals in order to develop an effective and integrated treatment strategy for the child with DCD. It is important to note that unless all co-occurring conditions are identified, there is a strong possibility that the child's motor problems may not be addressed by the educational system. It has been suggested that when more than one set of diagnostic criteria are met (e.g., ADHD and DCD, or language disorders in addition to DCD), more than one diagnosis should be given.  

Are there any other associated conditions?

Children with DCD also have a much higher likelihood than other children of having associated social, emotional and behavioural problems. However, debate continues regarding whether some of these conditions are actually co-occurring or secondary to the movement difficulties. It is possible that the presence of emotional difficulties, for example, may occur as a secondary consequence of DCD. It is particularly important to be aware of the potential for these associated conditions, not only when first noticing motor difficulties but also as the child matures, when these issues can become more prominent. As with co-occurring attention and learning problems, involvement of other specialized health care professionals to address issues of associated conditions is critical for the successful management of the child with DCD.